Page 161 Acute Pain Management
P. 161




Pickering
G,
Loriot
MA,
Libert
F
et
al
(2006)
Analgesic
effect
of
acetaminophen
in
humans:
first
evidence

of
a
central
serotonergic
mechanism.
Clin
Pharmacol
Ther
79(4):
371–8.

Pickering
G,
Esteve
V,
Loriot
MA
et
al
(2008)
Acetaminophen
reinforces
descending
inhibitory
pain

pathways.
Clin
Pharmacol
Ther
84(1):
47–51.

Pilotto
A,
Franceschi
M,
Leandro
G
et
al
(2003)
The
risk
of
upper
gastrointestinal
bleeding
in
elderly
users

of
aspirin
and
other
non‐steroidal
anti‐inflammatory
drugs:
the
role
of
gastroprotective
drugs.
Aging
Clin

Exp
Res
15(6):
494–9.

Pradhan
BB,
Tatsumi
RL,
Gallina
J
et
al
(2008)
Ketorolac
and
spinal
fusion:
does
the
perioperative
use
of

ketorolac
really
inhibit
spinal
fusion?
Spine
33(19):
2079‐82.

Proctor
ML
&
Murphy
PA
(2001)
Herbal
and
dietary
therapies
for
primary
and
secondary
dysmenorrhoea.

Cochrane
Database
Syst
Rev(3):
CD002124.

Quigley
C
(2004)
Opioid
switching
to
improve
pain
relief
and
drug
tolerability.
Cochrane
Database
Syst

Rev(3):
CD004847.

Radbruch
L,
Grond
S
&
Lehmann
KA
(1996)
A
risk‐benefit
assessment
of
tramadol
in
the
management
of

pain.
Drug
Saf
15(1):
8–29.

Raffa
RB,
Friderichs
E,
Reimann
W
et
al
(1992)
Opioid
and
nonopioid
components
independently

contribute
to
the
mechanism
of
action
of
tramadol,
an
'atypical'
opioid
analgesic.
J
Pharmacol
Exp
Ther

260(1):
275–85.

Ramsay
DS,
Leroux
BG,
Rothen
M
et
al
(2005)
Nitrous
oxide
analgesia
in
humans:
acute
and
chronic

tolerance.
Pain
114(1‐2):
19–28.

Rapp
SE,
Egan
KJ,
Ross
BK
et
al
(1996)
A
multidimensional
comparison
of
morphine
and
hydromorphone

patient‐controlled
analgesia.
Anesth
Analg
82(5):
1043–8.

RCA
(1998)
Guidelines
for
the
use
of
nonsteroidal
antiinflammatory
drugs
in
the
perioperative
period.
 CHAPTER
4

London,
Royal
College
of
Anaesthetists.

Ready
LB,
Oden
R,
Chadwick
HS
et
al
(1988)
Development
of
an
anesthesiology‐based
postoperative
pain

management
service.
Anesthesiology
68(1):
100–6.

Remy
C,
Marret
E
&
Bonnet
F
(2005)
Effects
of
acetaminophen
on
morphine
side‐effects
and

consumption
after
major
surgery:
meta‐analysis
of
randomized
controlled
trials.
Br
J
Anaesth
94(4):


505–13.

Reutens
DC,
Fatovich
DM,
Stewart‐Wynne
EG
et
al
(1991)
Is
intravenous
lidocaine
clinically
effective
in

acute
migraine?
Cephalalgia
11(6):
245–7.

Reynolds
LW,
Hoo
RK,
Brill
RJ
et
al
(2003)
The
COX‐2
specific
inhibitor,
valdecoxib,
is
an
effective,
opioid‐
sparing
analgesic
in
patients
undergoing
total
knee
arthroplasty.
J
Pain
Symptom
Manage
25(2):
133–41.

Riley
J,
Eisenberg
E,
Muller‐Schwefe
G
et
al
(2008)
Oxycodone:
a
review
of
its
use
in
the
management
of

pain.
Curr
Med
Res
Opin
24(1):
175–92.

Rintala
DH,
Holmes
SA,
Courtade
D
et
al
(2007)
Comparison
of
the
effectiveness
of
amitriptyline
and

gabapentin
on
chronic
neuropathic
pain
in
persons
with
spinal
cord
injury.
Arch
Phys
Med
Rehabil
88(12):

1547–60.

Roberts
GW,
Bekker
TB,
Carlsen
HH
et
al
(2005)
Postoperative
nausea
and
vomiting
are
strongly

influenced
by
postoperative
opioid
use
in
a
dose‐related
manner.
Anesth
Analg
101(5):
1343–8.

Robertson
A,
Suryanarayanan
R
&
Banerjee
A
(2007)
Homeopathic
Arnica
montana
for
post‐
tonsillectomy
analgesia:
a
randomised
placebo
control
trial.
Homeopathy
96(1):
17–21.

Robinson
SL,
Rowbotham
DJ
&
Smith
G
(1991)
Morphine
compared
with
diamorphine.
A
comparison
of

dose
requirements
and
side‐effects
after
hip
surgery.
Anaesthesia
46(7):
538–40.

Rochford
M,
Kiernan
TJ
&
Aziz
A
(2007)
Dolasetron
overdose
resulting
in
prolonged
QTc
interval
and

severe
hypotension:
a
case
report
and
literature
review.
Emerg
Med
J
24(7):
515–7.

Roelofs
PD,
Deyo
RA,
Koes
BW
et
al
(2008)
Non‐steroidal
anti‐inflammatory
drugs
for
low
back
pain.

Cochrane
Database
Syst
Rev(1):
CD000396.

Rog
DJ,
Nurmikko
TJ,
Friede
T
et
al
(2005)
Randomized,
controlled
trial
of
cannabis‐based
medicine
in

central
pain
in
multiple
sclerosis.
Neurology
65(6):
812–9.




 Acute
pain
management:
scientific
evidence
 113

   156   157   158   159   160   161   162   163   164   165   166