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254 Andreas Schwarzer and Christoph Maier

therapeutic steps should be followed: fi rst, treat- [4] Maihöfner C, Handwerker HO, Neundörfer B, Birklein F. Patterns of
cortical reorganisation in complex regional pain syndrome. Neurology
ment of the pain and edema; second, treatment 2003;61:1707–15.
of the pain, allowing movement; and third, treat- [5] Moseley GL. Graded motor imagery for pathologic pain: a randomized
controlled trial. Neurology 2006;67: 2129–34.
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complex regional pain syndrome. Clin J Pain 2006;22:438–42.
• Th e intensity of physiotherapy must be reduced if [7] Pleger B, Ragert P, Schwenkreis P, Förster AF, Wilimzig C, Dinse H,
pain increases again or after a new physical trau- Nicolas V, Maier C, Tegenthoff M. Patterns of cortical reorganization
parallel impaired tactile discrimination and pain intensity in complex
ma. regional pain syndrome. Neuroimage 2006;32:503–10.
[8] Rowbotham MC. Pharmacological management of complex regional
pain syndrome. Clin J Pain 2006;22:425–9.
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