Page 38 Guide to Pain Management in Low-Resource Settings
P. 38

26 Harald C. Traue et al.

changes and to generally take on more responsi- References
bility for himself, his disease, and the course of
[1] Chen ACN. New perspectives in EEG/MEG brain mapping and PET/
his disease. Th e results of many years of psycho-
fMRI neuroimaging of human pain. Int J Psychophysiol 2001;42:147–59.
logical pain research provide important insights [2] Enck P, Benedetti F, Schedlowski M. New insights into the placebo and
nocebo responses. Neuron 2008;59:195–206.
for this process. [3] Haldorsen EMH, Grasdal AL, Skouen JS, Risa AE, Kronholm K, Ur-
• Th is is not about replacing medical therapy with sin H. Is there a right treatment for a particular patient group? Pain
2002;95:49–63.
psychological therapy, but about using the in- [4] Le Breton D. Anthropologie de la douleur. Paris: Éditions Métaillié;
2000.
sights of diff erent specialties in an integrated [5] Linton SJ, Nordin E. A 5-year follow-up evaluation of the health and
manner to treat this diffi cult group of patients in economic consequences of an early cognitive behavioral intervention
for back pain: a randomized, controlled trial. Spine 2006;31:853–858.
the best possible way. [6] McCracken LM, Turk DC. Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral treat-
• On the other hand, chronic patients are im- ment for chronic pain. Spine 2002;15:2564–73.
[7] Nilges P, Traue HC. Psychologische Aspekte des Schmerzes, Verhalten-
pressed by reports on medical interventions such stherapie Verhaltensmedizin 2007;28:302–22.
[8] Schmutz U, Saile H, Nilges P. Coping with chronic pain: fl exible goal
as surgeries, injections, or medications, which adjustment as an interactive buff er against pain-related distress. Pain
raise high expectations for a quick removal of the 1996;67:41–51.
[9] Sharp TJ, Harvey AG. Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder:
pain without their own active involvement as a mutual maintenance? Clin Psychol Rev 2001;21:857–77.
patients. Repeatedly, high hopes of curing pain
are raised by the medical system, and usually Websites
dashed in careful long-term studies.
IASP: www.iasp-pain.org
• Neither opiates nor the development of spe-
cific medications or surgery for certain types of
pain have led to the expected solutions to end
chronic pain.
   33   34   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43