Page 499 Acute Pain Management

Wang HY, Friedman E, Olmstead MC et al (2005) Ultra‐low‐dose naloxone suppresses opioid tolerance,
dependence and associated changes in mu opioid receptor‐G protein coupling and Gbetagamma
signaling. Neuroscience 135(1): 247–61.
Warden V, Hurley AC & Volicer L (2003) Development and psychometric evaluation of the Pain
Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale. J Am Med Dir Assoc 4(1): 9–15.
Wasan AD, Correll DJ, Kissin I et al (2006) Iatrogenic addiction in patients treated for acute or subacute
pain: a systematic review. J Opioid Manag 2(1): 16–22.
Webster LR, Butera PG, Moran LV et al (2006) Oxytrex minimizes physical dependence while providing
effective analgesia: a randomized controlled trial in low back pain. J Pain 7(12): 937–46.
Williams A, Herron‐Marx S & Carolyn H (2007) The prevalence of enduring postnatal perineal morbidity
and its relationship to perineal trauma. Midwifery 23(4): 392–403.
Winklbaur B, Jung E & Fischer G (2008) Opioid dependence and pregnancy. Curr Opin Psychiatry 21(3):
255–9.
Wittels B, Glosten B, Faure EA et al (1997) Postcesarean analgesia with both epidural morphine and
intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia: neurobehavioral outcomes among nursing neonates. Anesth
Analg 85(3): 600–6.
Wong CA, McCarthy RJ, Sullivan JT et al (2009) Early compared with late neuraxial analgesia in
nulliparous labor induction: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 113(5): 1066–74.
Wong MO, Eldon MA, Keane WF et al (1995) Disposition of gabapentin in anuric subjects on
hemodialysis. J Clin Pharmacol 35(6): 622–6.
Woodhouse A & Mather LE (1997) The influence of age upon opioid analgesic use in the patient‐
controlled analgesia (PCA) environment. Anaesthesia 52(10): 949–55.
Wunsch MJ, Stanard V & Schnoll SH (2003) Treatment of pain in pregnancy. Clin J Pain 19(3): 148–55.
Yeo ST, Holdcroft A, Yentis SM et al (2007) Analgesia with sevoflurane during labour: ii. Sevoflurane
compared with Entonox for labour analgesia. Br J Anaesth 98(1): 110–5.
Young T, Skatrud J & Peppard PE (2004) Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. JAMA 291(16):
2013–6.
Zapater P, Lasso de la Vega MC, Horga JF et al (2004) Pharmacokinetic variations of acetaminophen
according to liver dysfunction and portal hypertension status. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 20(1): 29–36.
Zaric D, Boysen K, Christiansen C et al (2006) A comparison of epidural analgesia with combined
continuous femoral‐sciatic nerve blocks after total knee replacement. Anesth Analg 102(4): 1240–6.
Zatzick DF & Dimsdale JE (1990) Cultural variations in response to painful stimuli. Psychosom Med 52(5):
544–57.
Zelop CM (2008) Is it time to re‐evaluate our use of acetaminophen in certain sub‐groups of pregnant
women? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 21(11): 761–2.
Zheng Z, Gibson SJ, Khalil Z et al (2000) Age‐related differences in the time course of capsaicin‐induced
hyperalgesia. Pain 85(1‐2): 51–8.

CHAPTER 11

Acute pain management: scientific evidence 451