Page 77 Acute Pain Management

Kehlet H, Jensen TS & Woolf CJ (2006) Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention. Lancet
367(9522): 1618–25.
Kehlet H, Wilkinson RC, Fischer HB et al (2007) PROSPECT: evidence‐based, procedure‐specific
postoperative pain management. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 21(1): 149–59.
Kehlet H & Wilmore DW (2008) Evidence‐based surgical care and the evolution of fast‐track surgery. Ann
Surg 248(2): 189–98.
Keogh E & Cochrane M (2002) Anxiety sensitivity, cognitive biases, and the experience of pain. J Pain
3(4): 320–9.
Kharasch ED, Hoffer C, Whittington D et al (2004) Role of hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 3A and
2B6 in the metabolism, disposition, and miotic effects of methadone. Clin Pharmacol Ther 76(3): 250–69.
Khoo CK, Vickery CJ, Forsyth N et al (2007) A prospective randomized controlled trial of multimodal
perioperative management protocol in patients undergoing elective colorectal resection for cancer. Ann
Surg 245(6): 867–72.
Kim H, Clark D & Dionne RA (2009) Genetic contributions to clinical pain and analgesia: avoiding pitfalls in
genetic research. J Pain 10(7): 663–93.
Kirchheiner J, Meineke I, Freytag G et al (2002) Enantiospecific effects of cytochrome P450 2C9 amino CHAPTER 1
acid variants on ibuprofen pharmacokinetics and on the inhibition of cyclooxygenases 1 and 2. Clin
Pharmacol Ther 72(1): 62–75.
Kirchheiner J, Stormer E, Meisel C et al (2003) Influence of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms on
pharmacokinetics of celecoxib and its metabolites. Pharmacogenetics 13(8): 473–80.
Kirchheiner J, Schmidt H, Tzvetkov M et al (2007) Pharmacokinetics of codeine and its metabolite
morphine in ultra‐rapid metabolizers due to CYP2D6 duplication. Pharmacogenomics J 7(4): 257–65.
Kissin I (1994) Preemptive analgesia: terminology and clinical relevance. Anesth Analg 79(4): 809–10.
Klepstad P, Rakvag TT, Kaasa S et al (2004) The 118 A > G polymorphism in the human mu‐opioid
receptor gene may increase morphine requirements in patients with pain caused by malignant disease.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 48(10): 1232–9.
Korvald C, Elvenes OP & Myrmel T (2000) Myocardial substrate metabolism influences left ventricular
energetics in vivo. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 278(4): H1345–51.
Kudoh A, Katagai H & Takazawa T (2002) Increased postoperative pain scores in chronic depression
patients who take antidepressants. J Clin Anesth 14(6): 421–5.
Kunz M, Mylius V, Schepelmann K, Lautenbacher S (2004) On the relationship between self‐report and
facial expression of pain. Journal of Pain 5: 367–376.
Kuo CP, Jao SW, Chen KM et al (2006) Comparison of the effects of thoracic epidural analgesia and i.v.
infusion with lidocaine on cytokine response, postoperative pain and bowel function in patients
undergoing colonic surgery. Br J Anaesth. 97(5): 640–6.
Landau R, Kern C, Columb MO et al (2008) Genetic variability of the mu‐opioid receptor influences
intrathecal fentanyl analgesia requirements in laboring women. Pain 139(1): 5–14.
Laugesen S, Enggaard TP, Pedersen RS et al (2005) Paroxetine, a cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitor,
diminishes the stereoselective O‐demethylation and reduces the hypoalgesic effect of tramadol. Clin
Pharmacol Ther 77(4): 312–23.
Lavand'homme P, De Kock M & Waterloos H (2005) Intraoperative epidural analgesia combined with
ketamine provides effective preventive analgesia in patients undergoing major digestive surgery.
Anesthesiology 103(4): 813–20.
Lazar HL, Chipkin SR, Fitzgerald CA et al (2004) Tight glycemic control in diabetic coronary artery bypass
graft patients improves perioperative outcomes and decreases recurrent ischemic events. Circulation
109(12): 1497–502.
Lee YS, Kim H, Wu TX et al (2006) Genetically mediated interindividual variation in analgesic responses to
cyclooxygenase inhibitory drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 79(5): 407–18.
Leeuw M, Goossens ME, Linton SJ et al (2007) The fear‐avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain: current
state of scientific evidence. J Behav Med 30(1): 77–94.

Acute pain management: scientific evidence 29