Page 15 Acute Pain Management

9. SPECIFIC CLINICAL SITUATIONS ................................................................................. 233
9.1 Postoperative pain................................................................................................... 233
9.1.1 Risks of acute postoperative neuropathic pain.................................................233
9.1.2 Acute postamputation pain syndromes............................................................234
9.1.3 Other postoperative pain syndromes ...............................................................236
9.1.4 Day‐stay or short‐stay surgery ..........................................................................238
9.1.5 Cranial neurosurgery.........................................................................................241
9.2 Acute pain following spinal cord injury..................................................................... 243
9.3 Acute burn injury pain.............................................................................................. 245 CONTENTS
9.3.1 Management of procedural pain ......................................................................246
9.3.2 Non‐pharmacological pain management..........................................................247
9.4 Acute back pain........................................................................................................ 248
9.5 Acute musculoskeletal pain...................................................................................... 249
9.6 Acute medical pain................................................................................................... 250
9.6.1 Acute abdominal pain .......................................................................................250
9.6.2 Herpes zoster‐associated pain ..........................................................................253
9.6.3 Acute cardiac pain.............................................................................................255
9.6.4 Acute pain associated with haematological disorders......................................256
9.6.5 Acute headache.................................................................................................260
9.6.6 Acute pain associated with neurological disorders...........................................272
9.6.7 Orofacial pain ....................................................................................................273
9.6.8 Acute pain in patients with HIV infection..........................................................278
9.7 Acute cancer pain..................................................................................................... 280
9.7.1 The scope of acute cancer pain.........................................................................280
9.7.2 Principles of management of acute cancer pain ...............................................281
9.7.3 Breakthrough pain.............................................................................................281
9.7.4 Postoperative and procedural pain...................................................................282
9.7.5 Acute cancer pain due to bone involvement ....................................................283
9.7.6 Other acute cancer pain syndromes .................................................................284
9.7.7 Interventional therapies for acute cancer pain.................................................285
9.8 Acute pain management in intensive care................................................................ 286
9.8.1 Pain assessment in the intensive care unit .......................................................287
9.8.2 Non‐pharmacological measures........................................................................287
9.8.3 Pharmacological treatment...............................................................................287
9.8.4 Guillain‐Barre syndrome ...................................................................................288
9.8.5 Procedure‐related pain .....................................................................................289
9.9 Acute pain management in emergency departments ............................................... 290
9.9.1 Systemic analgesics ...........................................................................................290
9.9.2 Analgesia in specific conditions.........................................................................291
9.9.3 Non‐pharmacological management of pain......................................................293

Acute pain management: scientific evidence xv