Page 413 Acute Pain Management
P. 413




Boivin
JM,
Poupon‐Lemarquis
L,
Iraqi
W
et
al
(2008)
A
multifactorial
strategy
of
pain
management
is

associated
with
less
pain
in
scheduled
vaccination
of
children.
A
study
realized
by
family
practitioners
in

239
children
aged
4‐12
years
old.
Fam
Pract
25(6):
423–9.

Bolt
P,
Barnett
P,
Babl
FE
et
al
(2008)
Topical
lignocaine
for
pain
relief
in
acute
otitis
media:
results
of
a

double‐blind
placebo‐controlled
randomised
trial.
Arch
Dis
Child
93(1):
40–4.

Borland
ML,
Bergesio
R,
Pascoe
EM
et
al
(2005)
Intranasal
fentanyl
is
an
equivalent
analgesic
to
oral

morphine
in
paediatric
burns
patients
for
dressing
changes:
a
randomised
double
blind
crossover
study.

Burns
31(7):
831–7.

Borland
M,
Jacobs
I,
King
B
et
al
(2007)
A
randomized
controlled
trial
comparing
intranasal
fentanyl
to

intravenous
morphine
for
managing
acute
pain
in
children
in
the
emergency
department.
Ann
Emerg

Med
49(3):
335–40.

Bosenberg
AT,
Thomas
J,
Cronje
L
et
al
(2005)
Pharmacokinetics
and
efficacy
of
ropivacaine
for

continuous
epidural
infusion
in
neonates
and
infants.
Paediatr
Anaesth
15(9):
739–49.

Bouwmeester
NJ,
Anand
KJ,
van
Dijk
M
et
al
(2001)
Hormonal
and
metabolic
stress
responses
after
major

surgery
in
children
aged
0‐3
years:
a
double‐blind,
randomized
trial
comparing
the
effects
of
continuous

versus
intermittent
morphine.
Br
J
Anaesth
87(3):
390–9.

Bouwmeester
NJ,
Hop
WC,
van
Dijk
M
et
al
(2003)
Postoperative
pain
in
the
neonate:
age‐related

differences
in
morphine
requirements
and
metabolism.
Intensive
Care
Med
29(11):
2009–15.

Bouwmeester
NJ,
van
den
Anker
JN,
Hop
WC
et
al
(2003)
Age‐
and
therapy‐related
effects
on
morphine

requirements
and
plasma
concentrations
of
morphine
and
its
metabolites
in
postoperative
infants.
Br
J

Anaesth
90(5):
642–52.

Bouwmeester
NJ,
Anderson
BJ,
Tibboel
D
et
al
(2004)
Developmental
pharmacokinetics
of
morphine
and

its
metabolites
in
neonates,
infants
and
young
children.
Br
J
Anaesth
92(2):
208–17.

Bozkurt
P,
Kaya
G
&
Yeker
Y
(1997)
Single‐injection
lumbar
epidural
morphine
for
postoperative
analgesia

in
children:
a
report
of
175
cases.
Reg
Anesth
22(3):
212–7.

Bozkurt
P,
Kaya
G,
Yeker
Y
et
al
(2004)
Effectiveness
of
morphine
via
thoracic
epidural
vs
intravenous

infusion
on
postthoracotomy
pain
and
stress
response
in
children.
Paediatr
Anaesth
14(9):
748–54.

Bozkurt
P
(2005)
Use
of
tramadol
in
children.
Paediatr
Anaesth
15(12):
1041–7.

Brady‐Fryer
B,
Wiebe
N
&
Lander
JA
(2004)
Pain
relief
for
neonatal
circumcision.
Cochrane
Database
Syst

Rev(4):
CD004217.

Bray
RJ,
Woodhams
AM,
Vallis
CJ
et
al
(1996)
Morphine
consumption
and
respiratory
depression
in

children
receiving
postoperative
analgesia
from
continuous
morphine
infusion
or
patient
controlled

analgesia.
Paediatr
Anaesth
6(2):
129–34.

Breau
LM,
Finley
GA,
McGrath
PJ
et
al
(2002)
Validation
of
the
Non‐communicating
Children's
Pain

Checklist‐Postoperative
Version.
Anesthesiology
96(3):
528–35.

Breau
LM,
McGrath
PJ,
Camfield
CS
et
al
(2002)
Psychometric
properties
of
the
non‐communicating

children's
pain
checklist‐revised.
Pain
99(1‐2):
349–57.
 CHAPTER
10

Breau
LM,
McGrath
PJ,
Stevens
B
et
al
(2006)
Judgments
of
pain
in
the
neonatal
intensive
care
setting:

a
survey
of
direct
care
staffs'
perceptions
of
pain
in
infants
at
risk
for
neurological
impairment.
Clin
J
Pain

22(2):
122–9.

Breschan
C,
Jost
R,
Krumpholz
R
et
al
(2005)
A
prospective
study
comparing
the
analgesic
efficacy
of

levobupivacaine,
ropivacaine
and
bupivacaine
in
pediatric
patients
undergoing
caudal
blockade.
Paediatr

Anaesth
15(4):
301–6.

Bruce
E,
Franck
L
&
Howard
RF
(2006)
The
efficacy
of
morphine
and
Entonox
analgesia
during
chest
drain

removal
in
children.
Paediatr
Anaesth
16(3):
302–8.

Buntine
P,
Thom
O,
Babl
F
et
al
(2007)
Prehospital
analgesia
in
adults
using
inhaled
methoxyflurane.

Emerg
Med
Australas
19(6):
509–14.

Burton
JH,
Auble
TE
&
Fuchs
SM
(1998)
Effectiveness
of
50%
nitrous
oxide/50%
oxygen
during
laceration

repair
in
children.
Acad
Emerg
Med
5(2):
112–7.

Butkovic
D,
Kralik
S,
Matolic
M
et
al
(2007)
Postoperative
analgesia
with
intravenous
fentanyl
PCA
vs

epidural
block
after
thoracoscopic
pectus
excavatum
repair
in
children.
Br
J
Anaesth
98(5):
677–81.



 Acute
pain
management:
scientific
evidence
 365

   408   409   410   411   412   413   414   415   416   417   418