Page 428 Acute Pain Management
P. 428
Viitanen H, Tuominen N, Vaaraniemi H et al (2003) Analgesic efficacy of rectal acetaminophen and
ibuprofen alone or in combination for paediatric day‐case adenoidectomy. Br J Anaesth 91(3): 363–7.
Voepel‐Lewis T, Marinkovic A, Kostrzewa A et al (2008) The prevalence of and risk factors for adverse
events in children receiving patient‐controlled analgesia by proxy or patient‐controlled analgesia after
surgery. Anesth Analg 107(1): 70–5.
von Baeyer CL & Spagrud LJ (2007) Systematic review of observational (behavioral) measures of pain for
children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years. Pain 127(1‐2): 140–50.
Voronov P, Przybylo HJ & Jagannathan N (2007) Apnea in a child after oral codeine: a genetic variant –
an ultra‐rapid metabolizer. Paediatr Anaesth 17(7): 684–7.
Walker SM (2008) Pain in children: recent advances and ongoing challenges. Br J Anaesth 101(1): 101–10.
Walker SM, Franck LS, Fitzgerald M et al (2009) Long‐term impact of neonatal intensive care and surgery
on somatosensory perception in children born extremely preterm. Pain 141(1‐2): 79–87.
Weintraud M, Marhofer P, Bosenberg A et al (2008) Ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric blocks in children: where
do we administer the local anesthetic without direct visualization? Anesth Analg 106(1): 89–93.
Weisman S, Bernstein B & Schechter N (1998) Consequences of inadequate analgesia during painful
procedures in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 152(2): 147–9.
Weldon BC, Connor M & White PF (1993) Pediatric PCA: the role of concurrent opioid infusions and
nurse‐controlled analgesia. Clin J Pain 9(1): 26–33.
White NJ, Kim MK, Brousseau DC et al (2004) The anesthetic effectiveness of lidocaine‐adrenaline‐
tetracaine gel on finger lacerations. Pediatr Emerg Care 20(12): 812–5.
Williams DG, Hatch DJ & Howard RF (2001) Codeine phosphate in paediatric medicine. Br J Anaesth
86(3): 413–21.
Williams DG, Patel A & Howard RF (2002) Pharmacogenetics of codeine metabolism in an urban
population of children and its implications for analgesic reliability. Br J Anaesth 89(6): 839–45.
Williams DG & Howard RF (2003) Epidural analgesia in children. A survey of current opinions and
practices amongst UK paediatric anaesthetists. Paediatr Anaesth 13(9): 769–76.
Willschke H, Marhofer P, Bosenberg A et al (2005) Ultrasonography for ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve
blocks in children. Br J Anaesth 95(2): 226–30.
Willschke H, Marhofer P, Bosenberg A et al (2006) Epidural catheter placement in children: comparing a
novel approach using ultrasound guidance and a standard loss‐of‐resistance technique. Br J Anaesth
97(2): 200–7.
Wolf AR & Hughes D (1993) Pain relief for infants undergoing abdominal surgery: comparison of infusions
of i.v. morphine and extradural bupivacaine. Br J Anaesth 70(1): 10–6.
CHAPTER 10 extradural vs opioid analgesia. Paediatr Anaesth 8(4): 305–11.
Wolf AR, Doyle E & Thomas E (1998) Modifying infant stress responses to major surgery: spinal vs
Wolfe TR, Fosnocht DE & Linscott MS (2000) Atomized lidocaine as topical anesthesia for nasogastric
tube placement: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med 35(5): 421–5.
Wrona S, Chisolm DJ, Powers M et al (2007) Improving processes of care in patient‐controlled analgesia:
the impact of computerized order sets and acute pain service patient management. Paediatr Anaesth
17(11): 1083–9.
Zempsky WT, Sullivan J, Paulson DM et al (2004) Evaluation of a low‐dose lidocaine iontophoresis system
for topical anesthesia in adults and children: a randomized, controlled trial. Clin Ther 26(7): 1110–9.
Zernikow B, Michel E & Anderson B (2007) Transdermal fentanyl in childhood and adolescence: a
comprehensive literature review. J Pain 8(3): 187–207.
Zier JL, Kvam KA, Kurachek SC et al (2007) Sedation with nitrous oxide compared with no sedation during
catheterization for urologic imaging in children. Pediatr Radiol 37(7): 678–84.
Zwaveling J, Bubbers S, van Meurs AH et al (2004) Pharmacokinetics of rectal tramadol in postoperative
paediatric patients. Br J Anaesth 93(2): 224–7.
380 Acute Pain Management: Scientific Evidence

