Page 419 Acute Pain Management

Howard RF, Walker SM, Mota PM et al (2005) The ontogeny of neuropathic pain: postnatal onset of
mechanical allodynia in rat spared nerve injury (SNI) and chronic constriction injury (CCI) models. Pain
115(3): 382–9.
Howard RF, Carter B, Curry J et al (2008) Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists: Good Practice in
Postoperative and Procedural Pain. Pediatric Anesthesia 18 (Suppl. 1): 1–81.
Howell TK & Patel D (2003) Plasma paracetamol concentrations after different doses of rectal
paracetamol in older children A comparison of 1 g vs. 40 mg x kg(‐1). Anaesthesia 58(1): 69–73.
Humphrey GB, Boon CM, van Linden van den Heuvell GF et al (1992) The occurrence of high levels of
acute behavioral distress in children and adolescents undergoing routine venipunctures. Pediatrics 90(1
Pt 1): 87–91.
Humphreys N, Bays SM, Parry AJ et al (2005) Spinal anesthesia with an indwelling catheter reduces the
stress response in pediatric open heart surgery. Anesthesiology 103(6): 1113–20.
Hunt A, Goldman A, Seers K et al (2004) Clinical validation of the paediatric pain profile. Dev Med Child
Neurol 46(1): 9–18.
Ingelmo PM, Locatelli BG, Sonzogni V et al (2006) Caudal 0.2% ropivacaine is less effective during surgery
than 0.2% levobupivacaine and 0.2% bupivacaine: a double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial. Paediatr
Anaesth 16(9): 955–61.
Ipp M, Taddio A, Sam J et al (2007) Vaccine‐related pain: randomised controlled trial of two injection
techniques. Arch Dis Child 92(12): 1105–8.
Isaac LA, McEwen J, Hayes JA et al (2006) A pilot study of the rectus sheath block for pain control after
umbilical hernia repair. Paediatr Anaesth 16(4): 406–9.
Ivani G, De Negri P, Lonnqvist PA et al (2005) Caudal anesthesia for minor pediatric surgery: a prospective
randomized comparison of ropivacaine 0.2% vs levobupivacaine 0.2%. Paediatr Anaesth 15(6): 491–4.
Jimenez N, Bradford H, Seidel KD et al (2006) A comparison of a needle‐free injection system for local
anesthesia versus EMLA for intravenous catheter insertion in the pediatric patient. Anesth Analg 102(2):
411–4.
Johnston CC, Stevens BJ, Boyer K et al (2002) Development of psychologic responses to pain and
assessment of pain in infants and toddlers. In: Pain in Infants, Children and Adolescents edn. Schecter NL,
Berde CB and Yaster M (eds). Baltimore, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 105–27.
Johnston CC, Gagnon A, Rennick J et al (2007) One‐on‐one coaching to improve pain assessment and
management practices of pediatric nurses. J Pediatr Nurs 22(6): 467–78.
Joshi W, Connelly NR, Reuben SS et al (2003) An evaluation of the safety and efficacy of administering
rofecoxib for postoperative pain management. Anesth Analg 97(1): 35–8.
Juarez Gimenez J, Oliveras M, Hidalgo E et al (1996) Anesthetic efficacy of eutectic prilocaine‐lidocaine
cream in pediatric oncology patients undergoing lumbar puncture. Ann Pharmacother 30(11): 1235–7.
Juhl GA & Conners GP (2005) Emergency physicians' practices and attitudes regarding procedural
anaesthesia for nasogastric tube insertion. Emerg Med J 22(4): 243–5. CHAPTER 10
Kaabachi O, Zerelli Z, Methamem M et al (2005) Clonidine administered as adjuvant for bupivacaine in
ilioinguinal‐iliohypogastric nerve block does not prolong postoperative analgesia. Paediatr Anaesth 15(7):
586–90.
Kaplowitz N (2004) Acetaminophen hepatoxicity: what do we know, what don't we know, and what do
we do next? Hepatology 40(1): 23–6.
Kart T, Christrup LL & Rasmussen M (1997) Recommended use of morphine in neonates, infants and
children based on a literature review: Part 2‐‐Clinical use. Paediatr Anaesth 7(2): 93–101.
Kart T, Walther‐Larsen S, Svejborg TF et al (1997) Comparison of continuous epidural infusion of fentanyl
and bupivacaine with intermittent epidural administration of morphine for postoperative pain
management in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 41(4): 461–5.
Kaur G, Gupta P & Kumar A (2003) A randomized trial of eutectic mixture of local anesthetics during
lumbar puncture in newborns. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 157(11): 1065–70.
Kawaraguchi Y, Otomo T, Ota C et al (2006) A prospective, double‐blind, randomized trial of caudal block
using ropivacaine 0.2% with or without fentanyl 1 microg kg‐1 in children. Br J Anaesth 97(6): 858–61.

Acute pain management: scientific evidence 371