Page 523 Acute Pain Management

INR International Normalised Ratio
IR immediate‐release
IV intravenous
IVRA intravenous regional anaesthesia
LMWH low molecular weight heparin
LTP long‐term potentiation
M3G morphine‐3‐glucuronide
M6G morphine‐6‐glucuronide
MAM monoacetylmorphine
MAOI monoamine oxidase inhibitor
MC1R melanocortin‐1 receptor
mcg microgram
MEDD morphine equivalent daily dose
mg milligram
mGluR metabotropic glutamate receptor
mL millilitre
MLAC minimum local anaesthetic concentration
mm millimetre
MOBID Mobilization‐Observation‐Behavior‐Intensity‐Dementia Pain Scale
MOR mu‐opioid receptor
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
MS methionine synthetase
N 2O nitrous oxide
NAS neonatal abstinence syndrome
NCA nurse‐controlled analgesia
NCCPC‐PV Non‐Communicating Children’s Pain Checklist — postoperative version
NCCPC‐R Non‐Communicating Children’s Pain Checklist
NDARC National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre
NFCS Neonatal Facial Coding Scale
ng nanogram
NHMRC National Health and Medical Research Council
NIPS Neonatal Infant Pain Scale
NK1 neurokinin‐1
NMDA N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate
NNH number‐needed‐to‐harm
NNT number‐needed‐to‐treat
NO nitric oxide ABBREVIATIONS
NRS numerical rating scale
NRTI nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
NSAID non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug

Acute pain management: scientific evidence 475