Page 528 Acute Pain Management

drugs used .................................................. 184–85 intensive care.................................................. 286–89
efficacy........................................................ 182–84 Guillain‐Barre syndrome ............................ 288–89
labour........................................................ 192, 387 non‐pharmacological measures ....................... 287
older patients.................................................... 405 pain assessment ............................................... 287
patient‐controlled....................................... 185–86 pharmacological treatment........................ 287–88
epidural haematoma..................................... 187, 193 procedural pain ................................................ 289
epinephrine.........................................See adrenaline intra‐articular analgesia................................ 199–200
ergot derivatives ................................................... 264 intramuscular route........................................ 157–58
coxibs................................................................ 158
ethnic and cultural groups .............................. 409–11
nsNSAIDs .......................................................... 158
Faces Pain Scale..................................................... 340 opioids........................................................ 157–58
fentanyl ................................................................... 57 tramadol..................................................... 157–58
fracture pain, children........................................... 345 intranasal route .............................................. 160–62
gabapentin ........................................................ 89, 90 intrathecal analgesia....................................... 190–93
adjuvant drugs.................................................. 192
gastrointestinal motility, impaired.......................... 67
children............................................................. 360
glucocorticoids .................................................. 94–95 drugs used .................................................. 190–92
Guillain‐Barre syndrome ................................. 288–89 labour ............................................................... 192
local anaesthetics............................................. 190
haematological disorders................................ 256–59
older patients ................................................... 406
haemophilia .................................................... 258–59 opioids........................................................ 190–92
head and neck surgery .......................................... 357 intravenous route ........................................... 155–56
head injury ............................................................ 298 coxibs................................................................ 156
nsNSAIDs .......................................................... 156
headache
opioids........................................................ 155–56
complementary and alternative medicines and
therapies ...................................................... 270 paracetamol ..................................................... 156
opioids .............................................................. 271 tramadol..................................................... 155–56
substance withdrawal....................................... 270 irritable bowel syndrome...................................... 251
tension‐type...................................................... 260
ketamine....................................................83–85, 133
healing touch......................................................... 228 emergency department.................................... 291
heat ....................................................................... 228 lactation............................................................ 392
neuraxial........................................................... 133
hepatic disease................................................ 415–21
older patients ................................................... 404
herniotomy............................................................ 237 prehospital analgesia ....................................... 297
herpes zoster................................................... 253–55 sublingual ......................................................... 163
HIV pain........................................................... 278–80 labour pain...................................................... 386–88
hydromorphone ...................................................... 58 laceration repair, children .................................... 345
hyperalgesia .................................................. 4, 34, 68 lactation.......................................................... 390–94
hyperbaric oxygen therapy ................................... 265 lamotrigine.............................................................. 90
hypnosis ................................................................ 222 learning..................................................................... 7
INDEX hypotension .......................................................... 188 local anaesthetic
with opioids...................................................... 122
hysterectomy ........................................................ 237
immunisation pain ................................................ 345 local anaesthetics
children............................................................. 343
inguinal hernia repair............................................ 356 epidural .....................................................122, 184
injury response.................................................. 15–16 intrathecal analgesia ........................................ 190

480 Acute Pain Management: Scientific Evidence