Page 524 Acute Pain Management

nsNSAID non‐selective non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug
OIH opioid‐induced hyperalgesia
OR odds ratio
OSA obstructive sleep apnoea
OTC over‐the‐counter
OTFC oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate
P 2X 3 purinergic receptor subtype
PACSLAC Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate
PACU postanaesthesia care unit
PAINAD Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia
PAR proteinase‐activated receptor
PCA patient‐controlled analgesia
PCEA patient‐controlled epidural analgesia
PCINA patient‐controlled intranasal analgesia
PCRA patient‐controlled regional analgesia
PCS Pain Catastrophising Scale
PCTS patient‐controlled transdermal system
PDPH post‐dural puncture headache
PG‐BA polyethylene glycol and benzyl alcohol
PGE 2 prostaglandin E2
PGH prostaglandin endoperoxide
PGI 2 prostacyclin
PHN post‐herpetic neuralgia
PIPP premature infant pain profile
PNB peripheral nerve block
PNS peripheral nerve stimulator
POCD postoperative cognitive dysfunction
PONV postoperative nausea and vomiting
PPI proton pump inhibitor
PPP Paediatric Pain Profile
PPPM Parents Postoperative Pain Measure
PTA Polymyxin E, tobramycin and amphotericin B
quality of life
QOL
ABBREVIATIONS RADARS Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction‐Related Surveillance
quantitative sensory testing
QST
RCT
randomised controlled trial
rESS
revised Edmonton Staging System
ribonucleic acid
RNA
RR
RVM relative risk
rostroventromedial medulla
476 Acute Pain Management: Scientific Evidence