Page 527 Acute Pain Management

burns dressings, children ...................................... 344 cognitive‐behavioural interventions............... 224–26
Caesarean section ................................................. 389 complementary and alternative medicines ............ 96
calcitonin................................................................. 92 continuous peripheral nerve blockade ........... 195–99
cancer pain...................................................... 280–86 lower limb ........................................................ 196
needle and catheter localising ......................... 198
bone involvement....................................... 283–84
patient‐controlled ............................................ 199
breakthrough pain ...................................... 281–82
children....................................................... 361–62 thoracic............................................................. 198
interventional therapies ................................... 285 upper limb ........................................................ 195
malignant bowel obstruction............................ 284 cooling, postoperative .......................................... 228
postoperative and procedural .......................... 282 corticosteroids ................................................ 136–37
principles of management................................ 281 children............................................................. 352
scope........................................................... 280–81
neuraxial........................................................... 136
cannabinoids ..................................................... 93–94 peripheral......................................................... 136
cannulation, children ............................................ 343 topical............................................................... 137
cannulation, neonates........................................... 343 coxibs ................................................................ 75–78
adverse effects ................................................... 76
carbamazepine........................................................ 89
children....................................................... 349–50
cardiac effects of opioids ........................................ 64 efficacy ............................................................... 76
cardiac pain ............................................. 255–56, 298 intramuscular ................................................... 158
intravenous ...................................................... 156
caudal analgesia older patients ................................................... 402
children............................................................. 357
oral ............................................................. 154–55
chest drain removal, children................................ 344 pregnancy......................................................... 384
children subcutaneous ................................................... 158
analgesic agents.......................................... 347–53 cranial neurosurgery....................................... 241–43
cancer pain ....................................................... 361 dental pain............................................................ 273
procedural pain ......................................361–62
dextromethorphan ................................................. 85
treatment‐related pain ................................362
central neural blockade .............................. 357–61 dextropropoxyphene .............................................. 57
cognitive impairment.................................. 339–42 diamorphine ........................................................... 57
consequences of early pain .............................. 336 dihydrocodeine....................................................... 57
developmental neurobiology ........................... 335
immunisation pain............................................ 345 drug metabolism............................................... 23–24
nurse‐controlled analgesia ......................... 354–55 dysmenorrhoea................................................73, 252
observational and behavioural measures......... 338 education.......................................................... 45–47
opioid infusions ................................................ 353
patients ........................................................ 45–46
pain assessment ......................................... 336–42
pain assessment, neonates......................... 337–38 staff .............................................................. 46–47
patient‐controlled analgesia............................. 354 elderly patients..............................See older patients
peripheral nerve blocks .............................. 355–57 emergency department.................................. 290–94
procedural pain........................................... 342–47 non‐pharmacological management ................. 293
procedural pain, neonates................................ 343 procedural pain in children ........................ 345–47
self report ................................................... 338–39 systemic analgesics .................................... 290–91
chronic pain, progression to.......................... 12, 9–12 epidural abscess.................................................... 187 INDEX
circumcision .......................................................... 356 epidural analgesia........................................... 182–90
cluster headache................................................... 267 adjuvant drugs.................................................. 185
codeine.................................................................... 56 adverse effects ........................................... 186–89
children............................................................. 358
metabolism......................................................... 23
Acute pain management: scientific evidence 479