Page 161 WHO - Guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of persisting pain in children with medical illness

evidence retrieval and appraisal (cont.) GRADE 14
paracetamol versus ibuprofen in musculoskelatal acronym 7
trauma 105 profiles 105–122
observational studies 124–127 working group 83
randomized controlled trials 124 Grading of Recommendations Assessment,
systematic reviews 124 Development and Evaluation (acronym) 7
evidence-based recommendation 13 Guidance for the WHO review of psychoactive
executive summary 10–12 substances for international control 131
Expanded Review Panel 6, 124, 142 Guidelines Development Group 37, 83, 129, 141, 143–145
acronym 7 acknowledgement 6
Expert Advisory Panel on Drug Evaluation 142 acronym 7
members 141
F Guidelines Peer Review contributors 142–143
fear of opioid use 42, 56
fentanyl H
adverse effects 64–65 headache 13
alternative to morphine 45 multimodal approach 13
ATC Code 63 health (definition) 55
cancer pain 121 health system issues 14–15
contraindications 63 health system recommendations 10, 55–61, 146–147
dosage table health systems 101
children 49 HIV 7
infants 48 HIV/AIDS
neonates 48 abdominal pain 23
dose 48, 49, 64 chest pain 24
equianalgesic doses (vs morphine) 66 children, opportunistic conditions 23
formulations 63 clinical stages 23
GRADE profiles 108–110, 120–121 ear pain 24
hepatic impairment 64 generalized pain 24
indications 63 headache pain 23
interactions 65 infants 23
intranasal (versus morphine IV in acute pain neurological and neuromuscular pain 24
of bone fractures) 108 neuropathic pain 24
nebulized (versus fentanyl IV in acute pain) 120 oral cavity pain 23
observational studies 127 side-effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) 24
oral transmucosal (versus intravenous morphine skin pain, sores and rashes 24
in extremity injury or suspected fracture) 109 wasting syndrome 24
pharmaceutical profile 63–66 human immunodeficiency virus (acronym) 7
precautions 63 human resources for pain management 59
renal impairment 64 education of health professionals 59
transdermal, use in cancer pain 121 hydromorphone
fibromyalgia 13 adverse effects 67–68
multimodal approach required 13 as alternative to morphine 45
formulations ATC-code 66
child-appropriate 38 contraindications 67
oral solid 38 dosage table (children) 49
prolonged-release 9 dose 67
equianalgesic doses (versus morphine) 68
G formulations 66
GRADE profiles 107, 110
gabapentin hepatic impairment 67
in neuropathic pain 51–52 indications 67
clinical question 97 interactions 68
GDG pharmaceutical profile 66–68
acronym 7 precautions 67
GFR renal impairment 67
acronym 7 hyperalgesia 19
glomerular filtration rate hyperesthesia 19
acronym 7 hypoalgesia 19
governments 131 hypoesthesia 19

> 158