Page 162 WHO - Guidelines on the pharmacological treatment of persisting pain in children with medical illness

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ibuprofen laws 55
adverse effects 69 laxative
ATC-code 69 stimulant ~ 41
contraindications 69 stool softener 41
dose licensing requirements (Rec. 21) 59–60, 101–102, 147
children 41, 69 Lithuania (opioid analgesic prescription in ~) 123
infants 41, 69 local anaesthetics
neonates 41 as adjuvant in neuropathic pain 147
first-step medicine of choice 38 clinical question 98, 147
formulations 69
GRADE profiles 105, 106, 115
hepatic impairment 69 M
indications 69 Malaysia, State of Sarawak 124
interactions 69–70 management of potential conflicts of interest
musculoskeletal trauma (~ versus codeine, external reviewers 144–145
GRADE table) 106 Guidelines Development Group 143–144
observational studies 126, 127 manual for estimating requirements for narcotic
pharmaceutical profile 69–70 drugs 134
precautions 69 mcg 7
renal impairment 69 mepiridine 43
versus codeine in musculoskeletal trauma 106 methadone
idiopathic (definition) 8 adverse effects 72
IM 7 as an alternative to morphine 45
immediate-release morphine (Rec. 8) 43–44, 90–91, 146 ATC 70
INCB 7 contraindications 71
India, State of Kerala (opioid analgesic dosage table (children) 49
prescription in ~) 124 dose 71
infant equianalgesic doses (vs morphine) 73
definition 8 formulations 70
dosage table 48 hepatic impairment 71
intention to treat (acronym) 7 indications 71
International Narcotics Control Board 131–137 interactions 72
acronym 7 pharmaceutical profile 70–73
manual for estimating requirements 134 precautions 71
intramuscular 40 renal impairment 71
acronym 7 titration 71, 72
route to be avoided 40 microgram (acronym) 7
intramuscular admininstration (Rec. 15) 45, 92–93, 146 minimizing hazardous, harmful use 131
intravenous morphine
acronym 7 adverse effects 75
alternative route 40 as first-choice medicine
introduction 13–15 (Recommendation 5) 42–43, 88–89, 146
involvement of professions other than physicians and ATC 73
pharmacists (Rec. 22) 59–60, 101–102, 147 contraindications 74
ITT 7 dosage 48–50, 74–75
IV 7 dose intervals longer 43
immediate-release 43, 44
K immediate-release versus prolonged-release,
clinical question 90
ketamine 98 in breakthrough pain 43
as adjuvant in neuropathic pain 52, 98, 147 patient compliance 43
clinical question 98 prolonged-release 43, 44
ketobemidone titration 43, 44
GRADE profiles 113 dosage table
knowledge barriers 56 children 49
opioid use, fear of (opiophobia) among clinicians 56 infants 48
neonates 48
epidural ~ versus epidural fentanyl or epidural
hydromorphone in post-operative pain for

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