Page 57 Guide to Pain Management in Low-Resource Settings
P. 57

Opioids in Pain Medicine 45

personal experience should be the guiding prin- References
ciples when choosing an opioid.
• Because there is—as opposed to most drugs [1] Kaszor A, Matosiuk D. Non-peptide opioid receptor ligands—recent
advances. Part I: Agonists. Curr Med Chem 2002;9:1567.
used in medicine—no organ toxicity, even at [2] Kurz A, Sessler DI. Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction. Drugs
2003;63:649–71.
high doses and with long-term treatment, and
[3] Massotte D, Kieff er BL. A molecular basis for opiate action. Essays Bio-
because some important side eff ects diminish chem 1998;33:65–77.
[4] Trescot AM, Datta S, Lee M, Hansen H. Opioid pharmacology. Pain
over time and other potential harmful side ef- Physician 2008;11:S133–53.
fects may be avoided with correct use, it may [5] Pergolizzi J, Böger RH, Budd K, Dahan A, Erdine S, Hans G, Kress HG,
Langford R, Likar R, Raff a RB, Sacerdote P. Opioids and the manage-
be that opioids will remain the mainstay of pain ment of chronic severe pain in the elderly: consensus statement of an
International Expert Panel with focus on the six clinically most often
management for most of our patients for some used World Health Organization Step III opioids (buprenorphine, fen-
time to come. tanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone). Pain Pract
2008;8:287–313.
   52   53   54   55   56   57   58   59   60   61   62