Page 529 Acute Pain Management

lactation............................................................ 393 OTC analgesics.................................................. 262
long duration .............................................. 121–23 pregnancy and breastfeeding........................... 266
older patients.................................................... 404 simple analgesics.............................................. 262
peripheral ......................................................... 123 tramadol........................................................... 264
pregnancy ......................................................... 384 triptans ............................................................. 263
short duration................................................... 121 millimetre wave therapy....................................... 228
topical application .................................... 200–201
toxicity ........................................................ 124–25 morphine ................................................................ 58
mucositis........................................................276, 362
loss of pain sensation.............................................. 22
lumbar puncture, children .................................... 344 multiple sclerosis .................................................. 272
lumbar puncture, neonates................................... 343 musculoskeletal pain ...................................... 249–50
nasogastric tube insertion, children ..................... 344
magnesium.............................................................. 86
nausea and vomiting............................................... 65
malignant bowel obstruction................................ 284
manual therapies .................................................. 228 neostigmine .................................................... 134–35
massage therapies ................................................ 228 neuraxial blockade.......................................... 193–94
mastectomy .......................................................... 237 neurological disorders .................................... 272–73
neurological injury ................................................ 186
mastitis.................................................................. 395
measurement........................ See pain measurement neuropathic pain................................................6, 233
medical pain.......................................................... 280 nitrous oxide..................................................... 79–83
abdominal................................................... 250–52 emergency department.................................... 291
cardiac ........................................................ 255–56 prehospital analgesia ....................................... 296
haemophilia................................................ 258–59 toxicity................................................................ 80
headache .................................................... 260–72 NMDA‐receptor antagonists............................. 83–86
herpes zoster .............................................. 253–55 non‐English speaking patientsSee ethnic and cultural
neurological disorders ................................ 272–73 groups
orofacial............................................................ 273
NSAIDs ............................................................ 137–38
porphyrias......................................................... 259
sickle cell disease........................................ 256–58 emergency department.................................... 291
lactation.....................................................391, 392
memantine.............................................................. 86 metabolism......................................................... 24
membrane stabilisers.............................................. 91 peripheral......................................................... 137
prehospital analgesia ....................................... 297
memory..................................................................... 7
preventive analgesia .......................................... 14
meperidine........................................... See pethidine topical............................................................... 137
meralgia paresthetica ........................................... 382 nsNSAIDs........................................................... 73–75
methadone.............................................................. 58 adverse effects ................................................... 74
metabolism......................................................... 24 children....................................................... 348–49
efficacy ............................................................... 73
methoxyflurane....................................................... 82
prehospital analgesia........................................ 296 intramuscular ................................................... 158
intravenous ...................................................... 156
midazolam............................................................. 134 older patients ................................................... 402
migraine .................................................. 261–67, 292 oral ............................................................. 154–55
antiemetics ....................................................... 265 pregnancy..................................................381, 384 INDEX
children............................................................. 266 rectal ................................................................ 158
ergot derivatives............................................... 264 subcutaneous ................................................... 158
menstruation .................................................... 266 obstructive sleep apnoea...................................... 411
opioids .............................................................. 264
ocular examination, neonates .............................. 343
Acute pain management: scientific evidence 481