Page 531 Acute Pain Management

adjuvant drugs............................................ 173–75 pelvic girdle pain .............................................. 382
background infusion ......................................... 176 symphysial diastasis ......................................... 382
bolus dose......................................................... 175 prehospital analgesia...................................... 294–98
complications.............................................. 177–78 assessment....................................................... 295
dose limits......................................................... 176
non‐pharmacological management ........... 297–98
efficacy........................................................ 171–72 regional............................................................. 297
equipment .................................................. 178–79 systemic...................................................... 295–97
intranasal.......................................................... 176
loading dose...................................................... 176 preventive analgesia......................................... 12–15
lockout interval................................................. 175 procedural pain
older patients.................................................... 405 children..........................................342–47, 361–62
opioids ........................................................ 172–73 intensive care ................................................... 289
oral.................................................................... 176 neonates........................................................... 343
patient factors ............................................ 179–80 patients with cancer......................................... 282
staff factors....................................................... 180 pruritus ................................................................... 67
subcutaneous.................................................... 176
transdermal ...................................................... 177 psychological interventions ............................ 221–26
percutaneous vertebroplasty................................ 284 attentional techniques ............................... 223–24
children............................................................. 346
perineal pain ......................................................... 394 cognitive‐behavioural interventions .......... 224–26
peripheral nociceptors.............................................. 1 information provision................................. 221–22
stress and tension reduction...................... 222–23
pethidine...................................... 60, See meperidine
puerperium........................................................... 394
pharyngitis............................................................. 274
radiotherapy ......................................................... 283
phenytoin................................................................ 90
rectal route ..................................................... 158–59
porphyrias ............................................................. 259
nsNSAIDs .......................................................... 158
postamputation pain....................................... 234–36
opioids.............................................................. 158
postdural puncture headache................. 188, 268–70 paracetamol ..................................................... 159
postherpetic neuralgia .................................... 253–55 regional analgesia ........................................... 193–95
postoperative pain .......................................... 233–43 anticoagulation....................................193–94, 201
cranial neurosurgery................................... 241–43 infection ........................................................... 202
day‐stay or short‐stay surgery.................... 238–41 nerve injury ...................................................... 201
neuropathic pain............................................... 233 neuraxial blockade ..................................... 193–94
postamputation pain .................................. 234–36 peripheral blockade.......................................... 195
postherniotomy pain syndrome ....................... 237 plexus blockade................................................ 195
posthysterectomy pain syndrome.................... 237 safety............................................................ 201–3
postmastectomy pain syndrome ...................... 237 toxicity.............................................................. 202
post‐thoracotomy pain syndrome.................... 236 relaxation.............................................................. 222
poststroke pain ..................................................... 273 renal colic.........................................................73, 250
pre‐emptive analgesia....................................... 12–15 renal disease................................................... 414–15
pregabalin ......................................................... 89, 90 respiratory depression.....................................63, 188
pregnancy........................................................ 381–90 sickle cell disease ............................................ 256–58
back pain........................................................... 382 sinusitis ................................................................. 275
labour pain.................................................. 386–88 INDEX
meralgia paresthetica....................................... 382 sodium valproate...............................................89, 90
nsNSAIDs........................................................... 381 spinal cord injury pain..................................... 243–45
opioids .............................................................. 381 static magnet therapy........................................... 228
paracetamol...................................................... 381
status migrainosis ................................................. 265
Acute pain management: scientific evidence 483